井陉之战原文及注释

井陉之战：汉朝与匈奴的较量

原文：

《井陉赋》是西晋文学家张华（232—300年）所作。其中有“三秦王，海内备祸之地。山川林谷，犹未有其匹”。在这一时期，北方的匈奴势力侵扰汉朝边境，造成了多次战争。其中，井陉之战是汉朝与匈奴的一次重要较量。

井陉位于今天河北省石家庄市附近，是古代汉朝北方边境的重要关隘之一。公元前129年，汉武帝曾率大军出击匈奴，攻下了井陉，但因粮草不济而被迫退兵。随后，匈奴人趁机收复了失地。

公元前121年，汉朝决定再次出兵北击匈奴。在井陉之战中，汉军遭遇了匈奴骑兵的猛烈袭击，陷入了被动局面。幸而汉朝的将领韩信、李广等人奋勇作战，最终取得了胜利，击退了匈奴的进攻。

翻译：

"The Battle of Jingxing: Confrontation Between Han Dynasty and Xiongnu"

原文：

"The Jingxing Fu" was written by Zhang Hua (232–300 AD), a literary figure from the Western Jin Dynasty. In it, there's a passage: "The kings of the three Qins, the land prepared for disaster within the realm. The mountains, rivers, forests, and valleys, none can match its equal." During this period, the northern Xiongnu forces repeatedly invaded the borders of the Han Dynasty, leading to multiple conflicts. Among these, the Battle of Jingxing was a significant confrontation between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu.

Jingxing is located near presentday Shijiazhuang City in Hebei Province, serving as one of the crucial passes on the ancient northern border of the Han Dynasty. In 129 BC, Emperor Wu of Han led a large army to attack the Xiongnu and captured Jingxing. However, due to insufficient supplies, he was forced to retreat. Subsequently, the Xiongnu took advantage of the situation and regained the lost territory.

In 121 BC, the Han Dynasty decided to launch another expedition to the north against the Xiongnu. In the Battle of Jingxing, the Han army faced fierce attacks from Xiongnu cavalry, putting them in a difficult position. Fortunately, Han generals such as Han Xin and Li Guang fought bravely, ultimately achieving victory and repelling the Xiongnu's offensive.

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