牛津英语教材模块7电子书

Module 6: Photosynthesis（光合作用）

Plants are called autotrophs because they can make food out of light and raw materials. They are the only organisms that can do this. The process of making food is called photosynthesis.

Plants use two raw materials during photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water. They obtain carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil through their roots. Sunlight provides the energy needed for the process. Chlorophyll is the green pigment that gives leaves their color. It is also needed for photosynthesis to occur.

During photosynthesis, the chlorophyll in the plant's leaves captures sunlight. This energy is then used to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a type of sugar). Oxygen gas is also produced during photosynthesis as a byproduct. This oxygen is released into the air through small pores in the leaves called stomata.

The glucose produced during photosynthesis is used by the plant as food. Some of it is used immediately for energy, while some is stored for later use. In addition, some glucose is used to produce cellulose for cell walls, and some is used to produce starch for storage.

Photosynthesis is an essential process for both plants and animals. Plants provide oxygen and food for animals, while animals provide carbon dioxide for plants to use during photosynthesis. Without this exchange, life on Earth as we know it would not be possible.

植物被称为自养生物，因为它们能将光和原材料制造成食物。它们是唯一能做到这一点的生物。制作食物的过程被称为光合作用。

植物在光合作用期间使用两种原材料 二氧化碳和水。它们从空气中获取二氧化碳，并通过它们的根从土壤中获取水。阳光提供必要的能量。叶绿素是使叶子变绿的绿色色素。它也需要进行光合作用。

在光合作用中，植物叶子中的叶绿素捕捉阳光。然后利用这种能量将二氧化碳和水转化为葡萄糖（一种糖类）。在光合作用期间，氧气气体也作为副产品被产生。这种氧气通过叶子上的小气孔释放到空气中，这些气孔称为气孔。

光合作用期间产生的葡萄糖被植物用作食物。其中一部分立即用于能量，而一部分则储存以备将来使用。一些葡萄糖用于生产细胞壁的纤维素，一些用于生产淀粉以便贮存。

光合作用对植物和动物都是必不可少的过程。植物为动物提供氧气和食物，而动物则为植物提供在光合作用期间使用的二氧化碳。如果没有这种交换，我们所知道的地球生命将不会存在。

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